Monga chimodzi mwa zakumwa zazikulu zitatu padziko lonse lapansi zopanda moŵa, tiyi amakondedwa kwambiri ndi anthu chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake achilengedwe, opatsa thanzi, komanso olimbikitsa thanzi. Kuti tisunge bwino mawonekedwe, mtundu, fungo, ndi kukoma kwa tiyi, ndikukwaniritsa kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali komanso zoyendera, kuyika kwa tiyi nakonso kwasinthidwa kambirimbiri. Chiyambireni kukhazikitsidwa kwake, tiyi wamatumba wakhala wotchuka m'maiko aku Europe ndi America chifukwa cha zabwino zake zambiri monga kusavuta komanso ukhondo.
Tiyi wonyamula tiyi ndi mtundu wa tiyi womwe umayikidwa m'matumba a mapepala owonda ndikuyikidwa pamodzi ndi chikwama cha mapepala mkati mwa tiyi. Cholinga chachikulu cholongedza ndi matumba a mapepala osefera ndikukweza kuchuluka kwa leaching komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira ufa wa tiyi mufakitale ya tiyi. Chifukwa cha zabwino zake monga kupangira mowa mwachangu, ukhondo, mulingo wokhazikika, kusakaniza kosavuta, kuchotsa zotsalira zosavuta, komanso kunyamula, tiyi wamatumba amakondedwa kwambiri pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi kuti akwaniritse zosowa za anthu amakono. Zipangizo za tiyi, zonyamula katundu, ndi makina onyamula tiyi ndi zinthu zitatu pakupanga thumba la tiyi, ndipo zida zonyamula ndizomwe zimafunikira pakupangira thumba la tiyi.
Mitundu ndi zofunikira pakuyika zida zamatumba a tiyi
Zida zomangira za matumba a tiyi zimaphatikizapo zida zopangira zamkati mongapepala losefera tiyi, zida zoyikapo zakunja monga matumba akunja, mabokosi oyikamo, ndi pulasitiki yowonekera ndi pepala lagalasi, pomwe pepala losefera tiyi ndilofunika kwambiri pachimake. Kuphatikiza apo, panthawi yonse yolongedza ma matumba a tiyi, thumba la tiyiulusi wa thonjepakukweza ulusi, pepala lolemba, kukweza ulusi womatira, ndi zomatira za polyester ya acetate pamalemba amafunikiranso. Tiyi makamaka imakhala ndi zinthu monga ascorbic acid, tannic acid, polyphenolic compounds, catechins, mafuta, ndi carotenoids. Zosakanizazi zimakhala zosavuta kuwonongeka chifukwa cha chinyezi, mpweya, kutentha, kuwala, ndi fungo la chilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, zida zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamatumba a tiyi nthawi zambiri zimayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za kukana chinyezi, kukana kwa okosijeni, kukana kutentha kwambiri, kutchingira kuwala, komanso kutsekereza mpweya kuti muchepetse kapena kupewa kutengera zomwe zili pamwambazi.
1. Zamkati zoyikamo zamatumba a tiyi - pepala losefera tiyi
Pepala losefera thumba la tiyi, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti pepala lopaka thumba la tiyi, ndi pepala locheperako lolemera kwambiri lokhala ndi yunifolomu, loyera, lotayirira komanso lopindika, lolimba lochepa, kuyamwa mwamphamvu, komanso mphamvu yonyowa kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ndi kulongedza "matumba a tiyi" m'makina onyamula tiyi okha. Amatchulidwa ndi cholinga chake, ndipo machitidwe ake ndi khalidwe lake zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamtundu wa matumba a tiyi omalizidwa.
1.2 Zofunikira pa pepala losefera tiyi
Monga zopangira zopangira matumba a tiyi, pepala losefera tiyi siliyenera kuonetsetsa kuti zosakaniza za tiyi zitha kufalikira mwachangu mu supu ya tiyi panthawi yopangira moŵa, komanso zimalepheretsa ufa wa tiyi m'thumba kuti usalowe mu supu ya tiyi. Zofunikira zenizeni pamakhalidwe ake ndi awa.
(l) Ali ndi mphamvu zokwanira zamakina (mphamvu zamakomedwe apamwamba) kuti agwirizane ndi mphamvu zowuma komanso kukhazikika kwa makina opangira ma matumba a tiyi;
(2) Wokhoza kupirira kumizidwa m’madzi otentha osasweka;
(3) Tiyi wopakidwa m’matumba amakhala ndi mikhalidwe ya kukhala pobowola, wonyowa, ndi woloŵerera. Pambuyo pophika, imatha kunyowetsedwa mwachangu ndipo zomwe zili mu tiyi zimatha kutulutsidwa mwachangu;
(4) Ulusi uyenera kukhala wabwino, wofanana komanso wosasinthasintha.
Makulidwe a pepala losefera nthawi zambiri ndi 0.003-0.009in (lin=0.0254m)
Kukula kwa pore kwa pepala la fyuluta kuyenera kukhala pakati pa 20-200 μ m, ndipo kachulukidwe ndi porosity ya pepala la fyuluta ayenera kukhala oyenerera.
(5) Zopanda fungo, zopanda fungo, zopanda poizoni, mogwirizana ndi zofunikira zaukhondo;
(6) Wopepuka, wokhala ndi pepala loyera.
1.3 Mitundu ya Pepala la Sefa ya Tiyi
Zida zoyikapo za matumba a tiyi padziko lapansi masiku ano zimagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri:kutentha losindikizidwa tiyi fyuluta pepalandi pepala losasindikizidwa la tiyi lopanda kutentha, kutengera ngati likufunika kutenthedwa ndikumangirira panthawi yosindikiza thumba. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakadali pano ndi pepala losindikizidwa la tiyi losindikizidwa.
Pepala losindikizidwa la tiyi losindikizidwa ndi mtundu wa pepala losefera tiyi loyenera kulongedza m'makina opaka makina osindikizira a tiyi. Imafunika kupangidwa ndi 30% -50% ulusi wautali ndi 25% -60% kutentha losindikizidwa ulusi. Ntchito ya ulusi wautali ndikupereka mphamvu zokwanira zamakina zosefera pepala. Ulusi wotsekedwa ndi kutentha umasakanizidwa ndi ulusi wina panthawi yopanga pepala la fyuluta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zigawo ziwiri za pepala la fyuluta zigwirizane pamodzi zikatenthedwa ndi kukakamizidwa ndi makina osindikizira kutentha kwa makina osindikizira, motero kupanga thumba losindikizidwa kutentha. Mtundu uwu wa ulusi wokhala ndi kusindikiza kutentha ukhoza kupangidwa kuchokera ku copolymers a polyvinyl acetate ndi polyvinyl chloride, kapena kuchokera ku polypropylene, polyethylene, silika wopangira, ndi zosakaniza zawo. Opanga ena amapanganso mapepala amtundu woterewa kukhala wosanjikiza kawiri, wosanjikiza umodzi wokhala ndi ulusi wosakanizika womata kutentha ndipo wosanjikiza wina wokhala ndi ulusi wosamata kutentha. Ubwino wa njirayi ndikuti ukhoza kulepheretsa ulusi wotsekedwa ndi kutentha kuti usagwirizane ndi makina osindikizira a makina atatha kusungunuka ndi kutentha. Makulidwe a pepala amatsimikiziridwa molingana ndi muyezo wa 17g/m2.
Pepala losindikizidwa lopanda kutentha ndi pepala losefera tiyi loyenera kulongedza m'makina osakanizidwa ndi tiyi osamata. Pepala lopanda kutentha losindikizidwa la tiyi limafunika kuti likhale ndi ulusi wautali wa 30% -50%, monga Manila hemp, kuti apereke mphamvu zokwanira zamakina, pomwe zina zonse zimakhala ndi ulusi wotchipa komanso pafupifupi 5% utomoni. Ntchito ya utomoni ndi kupititsa patsogolo luso la pepala losefera kuti lisapirire kuwira kwa madzi otentha. Kuchuluka kwake kumatsimikiziridwa potengera kulemera kwa magalamu 12 pa lalikulu mita. Ofufuza ochokera ku Dipatimenti ya Forest Resources Science ku Shizuoka Agricultural University ku Japan adagwiritsa ntchito Chitchaina anapanga hemp bast CHIKWANGWANI chonyowa m'madzi ngati zopangira, ndipo adaphunzira zamtundu wa hemp bast fiber zamkati opangidwa ndi njira zitatu zophikira: alkaline alkali (AQ) pulping, sulphate pulping, ndi mpweya wamchere pulping. Akuyembekezeka kuti mumlengalenga zamchere pulping wa hemp bast CHIKWANGWANI angalowe m'malo Manila hemp zamkati kupanga tiyi fyuluta pepala.
Komanso, pali mitundu iwiri ya pepala fyuluta tiyi: bleached ndi unbleached. M'mbuyomu, ukadaulo wa chloride bleaching unkagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma pakali pano, kuthirira kwa okosijeni kapena zamkati zowulitsidwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga pepala losefera tiyi.
Ku China, ulusi wa khungwa la mabulosi nthawi zambiri umapangidwa ndi kukwera kwaufulu kwa boma ndikusinthidwa ndi utomoni. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ofufuza achi China adafufuza njira zosiyanasiyana zokokera kutengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ulusi, kutupa, komanso zotsatira zabwino za ulusi panthawi ya pulping, ndipo adapeza kuti njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira matumba a pepala la tiyi ndi "utali wautali wopanda ulusi". Njira yomenyera imeneyi makamaka imadalira kupatulira, kudula moyenera, ndi kuyesa kusunga utali wa ulusi popanda kufunikira ulusi wabwino kwambiri. Makhalidwe a pepala ndi mayamwidwe abwino komanso kupuma kwambiri. Chifukwa cha ulusi wautali, kufanana kwa pepala kumakhala kosauka, pamwamba pa pepala sikosalala kwambiri, mawonekedwe ake ndi okwera kwambiri, ali ndi mphamvu zabwino zong'amba ndi kukhazikika, kukula kwa pepala kumakhala bwino, ndipo kusinthika kuli bwino. yaying'ono.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-29-2024